Self-Determination Theory
What is self-determination theory?
Self-determination theory (SDT) is a framework for understanding human motivation, particularly in the context of education. Developed by psychologists Edward Deci and Richard Ryan, SDT suggests that providing choices and autonomy increases student motivation, engagement, and long-term academic success.
How does SDT support student success?
SDT centers around the idea that when a student’s innate psychological needs are satisfied, their motivation and well-being increase.
The theory identifies three core needs:
- Autonomy: Students should feel they have a choice and a voice in their learning processes
- Competence: Students should feel they can successfully meet challenges and master new skills
- Relatedness: Classrooms should be supportive environments where students feel respected, understood, and connected to their classmates and teachers
How can instructors apply SDT in the classroom?
Instructors can employ many strategies to apply SDT in the classroom, including:
- Creating a classroom culture of collaboration, respect, and mutual support among students and teachers
- Emphasizing the importance of a growth mindset, where effort and learning from mistakes are valuable
- Encouraging group work and peer learning to strengthen social connections and relatedness
- Ensuring the classroom is a safe space for expressing ideas and taking risks
- Offering choices in assignments and encouraging self-directed projects
- Recognizing student progress and effort
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